Introduction:
What is Indian Independence Day?
After World War II, Indian men serving in British Army during World War I and Japanese soldiers during WW2 started protesting after being rejected for military service. Later on, some of these groups formed militant organizations called Khalsa Raja Sabhaar and Rashtriya Rifles. They demanded equal rights for all immigrants from different religions and races. They also wanted free education and healthcare. Some of them even joined forces with their native language Bangalees. To support their cause, thousands of people joined protests. Then Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru announced the Indira Gandhi Memorial Scholarship Scheme and Indian farmers joined peaceful demonstrations against the government’s agricultural policies. These led to severe restrictions on non-agricultural economic activities, as well as movement across borders. As a result, thousands of Indians were arrested, tortured, and killed in violent clashes. Meanwhile, leaders of anti-colonial forces began forming alliances with nationalistic movements to fight the then British colonial government and protect natives from foreign imperialism and oppression.
After WWII, when British Prime minister Winston Churchill visited India, he announced the creation of the Commonwealth. He named this territory India, and to honor the country’s unique cultural, racial, and political history that evolved over centuries, he created a new unit — Britain India Trust. It was a way for Britain to acknowledge India for its vast natural resources and long historical ties. British Indian citizens would get access to public housing, food, and other social services. Their descendants were guaranteed voting rights through constitutional laws, which helped make them one of the most influential democracies in politics. Thus, Britain formally became independent in 1947.
The Republic of India was established officially on 26 May 1950. The country’s first president — Dr. Sarojini Natarajan — was elected on 24 October 1950 and sworn in on 28 January 1952. She served two terms during which she was assassinated. Her successors were: Indira Gandhi (1978–81; death), Rajiv Gandhi (1986–89), Manmohan Singh (1989–93; current), and the late P V Narasimha Rao(1996–97.
In 1972, Bhutto Ziaul Haque became the first democratically elected prime minister of Pakistan, and after holding it for less than 3 decades, elected with 94% of the vote. When Ziaul Haq died in 1993, Pakistan President Pervez Musharraf continued working on his reforms. Then he was elected again on 20 July 2007 and assumed office on 31 August 2008. With more than 70 percent of the votes cast, Musharraf won 270 seats in the 220-member Parliament. His main achievements are Free and compulsory education for children from 6 to 18 years old and women in general, Reforms to the tax system, making amendments to Income Tax Code and allowing women to work outside of the home.
The Pakistani constitution grants 25 percent Muslim minority rights and a separate identity based on religious beliefs, culture, and ethnicities. Another important thing is that Pakistan is a democratic state. So here in India, everyone can enjoy the same right as everybody else. For example, everyone was allowed to get married, but not to marry who they love. No person is granted citizenship and so that makes every individual part of India and nobody feels left out. All the famous monuments with idols of various religions like the Holy Buddha in Gyanendra Gopalakrishnan’s monument. If you want to see any type of building, no religion is banned. You can enjoy a holy place whatever your faith or background. As a result, most of the iconic Indian architectural buildings did not build in ancient times but rather were built from Middle Ages to the present.
History & Culture:
The Vedas provide the foundation for the history and culture of Northern India, especially its Hindu history and philosophy. The Yajurveda provides the basis of science and medicine in eastern India, apart from the Sanskrit medical texts. Buddhism, Hinduism, Judaism, Christianity, Islam, Bismuth, and Zoroastrianism are examples of Abrahamic religions which inspired all of India’s peoples, including those of Central Asia. A major influence on North India was China’s Silk Road, which links Central Asia with Western Europe.
During the second millennium CE, the Silk Road spread throughout Eastern and Central Asia, stretching from the Chinese border in Tibet to the Turkish frontier in Istanbul, Turkey. After reaching its peak in the sixth century CE, it gradually collapsed and ceased to exist around the tenth century CE when Islamic conquests took away the silk route’s routes and trade routes. At the onset of the 11th century CE, European traders arrived in North India and established trading posts and established a capital in Nagpur, India’s modern capital. They brought with them new ideas, technologies, ideas of how to live the Christian life, and so on. Trade flourished between China and Africa, especially West Africa. By 1289 AD, the Portuguese came to North India from Portugal and set up a trading post at Calicut on the banks of River Krishna near Nagpur in Uttar Pradesh. The Dutch came later in 1299 AD and established trading posts in North India as well. Dutch traders remained present throughout South India until 1600 AD when Muslim invasions in the 13th century destroyed almost all structures on India’s coastlines. However, after 1000 AD, most trading centers in North India vanished from existence.
British conquest of North India became complete only in 1700 AD, but several empires continued to flourish there till the 19th century CE. Emperor Ranjit Singh defeated Nawab Shah Suri at Masuri, Rajasthan, which gave him control of north-east and mid-western India, and the Chola Empire was founded in Lahore by Chola King Aditya Chola III. Other rulers include Tipu Sultan, Babur Amman, and Sikandar.
During the nineteenth century, British imperial expansion spread eastward and southwards across the whole region into Afghanistan (present-day Afghanistan, Balochistan, and Kashmir) and Burma. Under Napoleon Bonaparte, French troops occupied much terrain within North India and eventually established bases around Delhi and Agra (present-day New Delhi) before finally capturing Rajkot in 1800 AD. French rule also annexed Manipur (present-day Arunachal Pradesh) and Sikkim (present-day Meghalaya). While British Rule spread further inland, Maharaja Bahadur Shahaji of Patiala conquered Bihar, Orissa, and Bengal from British Rule. Most of the western and central parts of the subcontinent were taken or gained by British rule. The Mughal Empire expanded from Punjab and Haryana to British Rajputana. The Peshwa Dynasty (1835–1939), which lasted two centuries, conquered British Rajputana (present-day Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, and Maharashtra) and modern Rajasthan, and went on to become the largest Persian dynasty.
However, after 1890, British rule was imposed in the regions of East Bengal (present-day West Bengal) and Kolkata (present-day Kolkata). During this period, British rule increased British ownership of land in East and West Bengal.
British rule was only briefly enforced in 1906 when British emperor Edward VII ordered local authorities to enforce penal measures against illegal railroads and opium smugglers. The government, however, refused to pay
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